Potential Causal Relationship Between Animal Cruelty And...

This study focuses on evaluating the potential causal relationship between animal cruelty and later violent offenses, as well as the factors that form the foundation of that potential relationship. This study served to further a good deal of past research, most notably the work done by MacDonald (1963), who introduced the threesome of fire setting, enuresis, and cruelty of animals as predictors of aggression. Although there has not been a good deal of research linking the first two aspects to future violence, much research has focused on the relationship between animal cruelty and aggression. However, the majority of these studies had limited causal application as a result of using either a cross-sectional design or being dependent upon participant reflection on events that occurred decades earlier. Thus, this study sought not only to determine whether a causal relationship existed, but also if factors such as age, sex, or race played a role in predicting aggressive behavior. The res earchers presented four hypotheses. First, they predicted that animal cruelty would predict aggressive offenses after controlling for age, sex, race, and early onset of behavior problems. The second hypothesis held that violence against animals would serve as a stronger predictor of aggressive offenses than of non-aggressive offenses. In their third hypothesis, researchers predicted that sex would serve as a moderator variable in the relationship between animal cruelty and aggressive offending.Show MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency3872 Words   |  16 Pages Depending on the type and severity of the offense committed, it is possible for persons under 18 to be charged and tried as adults. In recent years, the average age for first arrest has dropped significantly, and younger boys and girls are committing crimes. Between 60-80% percent of adolescents, and pre-adolescents engage in some form of juvenile offence. These can range from status offenses (such as underage smoking), to property crimes and violent crimes. The percent of teens who offend is soRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency3863 Words   |  16 Pagesadult. Depending on the type and severity of the offense committed, it is possible for persons under 18 to be charged and tried as adults. In recent years, the average age for first arrest has dropped significantly, and younger boys and girls are committing crimes. Between 60-80% percent of adolescents, and pre-adolescents engage in some form of juvenile offence. These can range from status offenses (such as underage smoking), to property crimes and violent crimes. The percent of teens who offend is soRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement, Fourth Edition I. Management 17 17 2. The Evolution of Management Thought Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy †¢ Leadership, Fifth Edition I. Leadership is a Process, Not a Position 51 51 70 1. Leadership is Everyone’s Business 2. Interaction between the Leader, the Followers the Situation Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 11. Leadership: Exerting Influence and Power 94 94 Text Palmer−Dunford−Akin †¢ Managing Organizational Change 2. Images of Managing Change

The Effects Of Technology On Children s Toys - 1602 Words

As a child, we create memories and learn valuable life skills that we never knew we would need in the future. Due to the lack of technology in previous year children were forced to use their brains and imagination to play and have fun. With the excessive use of technology in children s toys, children no longer use their imagination or explore options of doing things. Instead they sit and stare at TV and/or a cell phone for hours a day. Modern culture is also affecting childhood due to the exposure children get to inappropriate shows or content. Instead of going out and trying something today’s children would rather watch a video of someone else doing or trying that thing. This causes children to become unattached to the world and more plugged into technology. If children become more plugged in the have a higher chance of seeing or hearing inappropriate content. These reasons and more will show one that modern culture is ruining childhood. Due to the excessive use and growth o f technology children are exposed to many things that children in earlier generations haven’t worried about before. Children today fear natural disasters, creepy animals, and even being stabbed or shot (Britt). While in the past generations children were only of afraid of getting in trouble or things created in their imaginations. With children watching television shows, youtube videos, or listening to music they are at risk of being exposed to explicit language/content, violence and more. ThisShow MoreRelatedThe, Nearest Neighbors, By Sherry Turkle886 Words   |  4 PagesAlone Together by Sherry Turkle, she explains that through games and artificial intelligence, humans have been changing the way that both children and adults think and feel, thus bridging the gap between emotional machines (humans) and intelligent machines (computers). 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Roles of the Nursing Council of New Zealand

Question: Write about theRoles of the Nursing Council of New Zealand. Answer: Introduction The Nursing Council of New Zealand is a government entity that was established to regulate the activities of the nursing profession in the country. Since its establishment, the council has been doing a commendable job in promoting the quality of nursing services rendered to the New Zealand public. The paper presents a critical analysis of the roles of the council in relation to the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 (HPCA Act). The role of the council is clearly stipulated in the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003. According to this act, the council was established to help in performing the following roles and responsibilities: Registration of the Nurses Health care is a broad and organized sector that is made up of different specialties including nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, psychiatry, and pediatric, just to mention, but a few. Each of these specialties has got special councils which regulate their respective operations. Nursing, as one of the healthcare specialties is directly controlled by the Nursing Council of New Zealand whose role is to oversee the registration of nurses. The HPCA Act 2003 gives the board powers to be in charge of registering nurses who practice in the country (s. 5). Since it is the council that has been mandated to do so, it ensures that it registers all the new nurses who are willing to join the profession. For a nurse to be registered, it is mandatory for them to meet certain conditions (Lim Honey, 2014, p. 663). Once an application is made, it is reviewed by the council which then makes the decision to accept or reject it. For an application to be accepted, the nurse must display competence and qualifications in line with the expected criteria (HPCA Act, s. 15). This is the only way through which a nurse can get registered and be recognized as part of the profession. The Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 has authorized the council to regulate the professional development of nurses (s.18). A nurse can seek for re-registration and advance the career whenever necessary. The first way through which this task is performed is by setting the standards and requirements for ongoing competence for the nurses (Smith, Latter Blenkinsopp, 2014, 2509). Meaning, any nurse who wishes to further education and rise to higher ranks is supposed to comply with the criteria set by the council. For any nurse to advance the career, the nurse must prove to be competent and possess strong academic and professional qualifications expected of a nurse practitioner (Woods, Rodgers, Towers La Grow, 2015, 126). Besides, the council facilitates the professional growth of the nurses by issuing certificates for continued education. Setting Nursing Education and Practicing Standards HPCA Act 2003 has given responsibilities to the council to set the nursing education and practicing standards to be followed in the country (s. 13). It is necessary to do so because nursing is a sensitive discipline which requires a high level of professionalism. This has been accomplished by the council by taking a number of measures. First, the council has been responsible for setting standards for the nursing education. It does this by accrediting the nursing institutions and ensuring that they meet the expected standards (s. 40). For a nurse to be adequately trained, the learning institution must meet certain criteria. For example, the institution should have the requisite academic and non-academic facilities including laboratories, library, and accommodation facilities. At the same time, the credited learning institutions should have well-trained and experienced instructors to guide the teaching and learning process. The Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 has set certain standards to be complied with by all the learning institutions. It is only the institutions with these facilities which can be empowered to effectively train the nurses and provide them with the necessary practical and theoretical skills which they require for their practice (Trollor, et al., 2016, 74). Secondly, the Health Practitioners HPCA Act 2003 requires the council to maintain high educational standards by accrediting the nursing courses in the country (s. 40). As already hinted, a fully-prepared nurse is a professional who is equipped with excellent theoretical and practical skills. However, for this to be achieved, the courses should be properly designed. This is one of the mandates that have been executed by the council since it is directly in charge of ensuring that the course units delivered to the nursing students both at the under graduate and post graduate levels (Riden, Jacobs Marshall, 2014, 183). Only courses whose content suits the councils standards of the council should be accredited and given a go ahead. It is a commendable thing to do because it promotes quality as it advocates for adequate training and preparation of the nurses before releasing them to serve the public. Thirdly, the council is in charge of protecting the safety and health of the New Zealand public which relies on the healthcare system (s. 64). The council safeguards the interests of the public by promoting the spirit of professionalism amongst its members. The council has to take the necessary measures to ensure that all the nurses in the country adhere to the expected standards of practice (Lim, North Shaw, 2014, 22). According to the guidelines provided by the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003, once a nurse is registered, a nurse must comply with all the regulations governing the profession (Hoare, Mills Francis, 2013, 90). At the same time, the nurses should be ready to treat the patients with the due respect that they deserve irrespective of their cultural, geographical, racial, ethnic, and gender diversities. The council protects the health of the public by advocating for high quality services delivered to the patients. The council has set certain standards that must be followed by all the nurses in order to ensure that the nurses deliver high quality services to the satisfaction of all the patients (Maier, 2015, p. 1631). The HPCA Act 2003 requires the council to be concerned with the monitoring of all the activities of the healthcare providers throughout New Zealand (s.65). To accomplish this mandate, the council not only sets the quality standards, but monitors their effective implementation as well as the addressing any issues of concern that might arise in the course of duty (Harris, Nagy Vardaxis, 2014, 75). For example, whenever any practitioner deviates, the council has to take the necessary measures to investigate and amicably address it (s. 79). Such disciplinary measures have been putting pressure on the nurses to be professionals who adhere to all the quality standards. Conclusion In conclusion, the establishment of the Nursing Council of New Zealand is a commendable idea. The council has been playing a significant role of protecting the safety and health of the New Zealanders. Apart from the registration of nurses, the council has been in charge of the accreditation of the nursing education and monitoring the delivery of safe and quality healthcare services by all the nurses. The council should discharge all its functions in compliance with the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003. References Harris, P., Nagy, S., Vardaxis, N. (2014). Mosby's Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing and Health Professions-Australian New Zealand Edition. Elsevier Health Sciences. Hoare, K. J., Mills, J., Francis, K. (2013). Becoming willing to role model. Reciprocity between new graduate nurses and experienced practice nurses in general practice in New Zealand: A constructivist grounded theory. Collegian, 20(2), 87-93. Lim, A. G., North, N., Shaw, J. (2014). Nurse prescribing: the New Zealand context. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 30(2), 18-28. Lim, A. G., Honey, M. (2014). New Zealand newly graduated nurses medication management: results of a survey. Nurse education in practice, 14(6), 660-665. Maier, C. B. (2015). The role of governance in implementing task-shifting from physicians to nurses in advanced roles in Europe, US, Canada, New Zealand and Australia. Health Policy, 119(12), 1627-1635. Riden, H., Jacobs, S., Marshall, B. (2014). New Zealand nurses views on preceptoring international nurses. International nursing review, 61(2), 179-185. Smith, A., Latter, S., Blenkinsopp, A. (2014). Safety and quality of nurse independent prescribing: a national study of experiences of education, continuing professional development clinical governance. Journal of advanced nursing, 70(11), 2506-2517. Trollor, J. N., et al., (2016). Intellectual disability health content within nursing curriculum: An audit of what our future nurses are taught. Nurse Education Today, 45, 72-79. Woods, M., Rodgers, V., Towers, A., La Grow, S. (2015). Researching moral distress among New Zealand nurses: a national survey. Nursing ethics, 22(1), 117-130.

Sugar Dbq free essay sample

Just as how sugar and its tropical imports were dependent on each other, the slave and sugar trades were as well. As long as sugar was in demand, so were the slaves. And as long as slaves were used, sugar would keep being produced. The only way sugar was produced was by slavery. Readers realize this statement is true when analyzing document H. The document contains a list of requirements when owning a five acre plantation. When owning a five acre plantation it is a requirement to own at least 300 slaves. Illustrations of African slaves working on sugar production are shown in Document J, which is composed of two illustrations. The first is an 1823 illustration of a plantation, where only African slaves worked. The slaves are planting and working on a field, and most of these slaves were male. The second illustration is of a mass sugar production in a nineteenth century boiling house circa 1820, again all of the slaves are African, and this time most of the slaves were women, but both the first and the second illustrations had overseers watching the slaves. We will write a custom essay sample on Sugar Dbq or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Clearly the most successful and beneficial plantations owned plenty of slaves, because more slaves equal more sugar produced, which in the end means more money. This was shown in document I, the wealthiest plantation owners owned at most 2,183 slaves in the 1830s. Additionally, because the African slaves were used regularly, they were not at as high of a price. The average price for a male West African Slave was sixteen euros in 1768, while the average price for a male British Caribbean slave was 41 euros in that same year. This shows how much African slaves were regularly used, if they weren’t used as often, they would be much higher in price like the Caribbean slaves. Everything has a consequence. The sugar trade’s success did come with a price. Because slaves became a requirement to sugar production, they didn’t have a nice lifestyle like we have today. A simple explanation of this is in document D, even though document D was written anonymously it is most likely that this author was a slave considering the biased tone, however, the document does not lie. If sugar was not consumed it would not be imported – if it were not imported it would not be cultivated, if it was not cultivated there would be an end to the slave trade; so that the consumer of sugar is really the prime mover, the grand cause of all the horrible injustice which attends the capture, of all the shocking cruelty which accompanies the treatment, of the wretched African Slave. † It becomes obvious in t his document that slavery wasn’t a happy life. Another consequence of the slave life is shown in document k. It is to the cheapness of the labour of these poor people that those costly and extensive works, which are necessary in a sugr plantation are derived. † Slaves were not paid for their labor, slaves only had an original price when sold to a master, after that slaves worked without pay. However slaves were not the only ones who lived with consequences. Document E explains the health consequences for consuming sugar. â€Å"Children greatly injure their gums and teeth by eating sugar, and sweet things, whereas (cavity filled) teeth and corroded gums are most evidently owing to improper food for children. Sugar if consumed too much, could affect the health of children and most likely adults as well. All in all, the sugar trade had consequences which included slavery and the health of the general public. In conclusion, The sugar trade was most successful due to the hi gh consumer demand and the slave trade. This is shown by the evidence of sugar’s addictive properties and its easy use as a sweetener with certain goods. However sugar does have its health and slavery issues, not allowing Africans and other slaves to live they life they deserve.